本文選(xuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)抗靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)劑TF-480是聚酯聚醚(mi)類(lei)聚合(he)物(wu)(wu),分(fen)子結(jie)構(gou)中的(de)(de)對苯二甲(jia)酸乙二醇鏈段與滌(di)綸(lun)(lun)大(da)(da)分(fen)子結(jie)構(gou)相似,在(zai)高溫下,可進入聚酯的(de)(de)微軟化纖維(wei)表面而(er)與聚酯大(da)(da)分(fen)子產生共結(jie)晶,固(gu)著(zhu)在(zai)滌(di)綸(lun)(lun)上獲得耐久性(xing):同時,其分(fen)子結(jie)構(gou)中含有(you)聚醚(mi)鏈部分(fen),具(ju)有(you)吸(xi)濕性(xing),可提高織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)含濕量,增加(jia)(jia)導電(dian)(dian)性(xing),加(jia)(jia)快靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)逸散速度,賦予(yu)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)一定的(de)(de)抗靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)能力,同時使織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)具(ju)有(you)易去污性(xing)能[11]。本文采(cai)用(yong)該整理(li)劑對滌(di)綸(lun)(lun)、錦綸(lun)(lun)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)進行(xing)整理(li),優化加(jia)(jia)工工藝,以(yi)提高織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)抗靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能。
1 實驗部分
1.1材(cai)料與(yu)儀器(qi)
染色(se)春亞紡(滌綸(lun))和染色(se)塔(ta)絲絨(錦綸(lun))(吳江盛虹印染公(gong)司提供),抗(kang)靜電劑TF-480,三聚氰胺, MgCl2,純堿,洗衣粉(市售(shou))。
氣(qi)壓式(shi)軋車(che),小定型烘干機(ji),YG342織物感應式(shi)靜(jing)電測試儀,U測色儀,家用洗衣機(ji)。
1.2 實驗工藝
1.2.1 工藝流(liu)程
一(yi)浸一(yi)軋(軋液率80%)→預烘(hong)(90~95℃×1min)→焙烘(hong)→皂洗(xi)→水洗(xi)→烘(hong)干(gan)→抗(kang)靜電織物。
1.2.2 皂洗條件(jian)
洗衣粉2 g/L,純堿2 g/L,40℃,5 min,浴比 1:30,然后(hou)在清水中漂洗3次(ci)。為檢測整(zheng)理織(zhi)(zhi)物抗靜(jing)電(dian)的耐(nai)久性,以上(shang)操作重復20次(ci),烘干后(hou)得(de)到抗靜(jing)電(dian)織(zhi)(zhi)物。
1.2.3 織物抗(kang)靜電性測(ce)試
溫度(du)(20±2)℃,相對濕度(du)(35±2)%,平衡3h,測試靜(jing)電電壓和半衰期(qi)。
1.2.4織物K/S值測試
采用D65光源和(he)10°視(shi)場,測試織物K/S值。
2結果與討論
2.1 未經抗靜電劑(ji)整理(li)織物的性能
未經抗靜電劑整理織物的(de)靜電性能和K/S值測試結(jie)果見表1。
表1 未整理(li)織物的(de)靜電性(xing)能和(he)K/S值(zhi)
整理織物 靜電電壓峰值/V 半衰期/s K/S值 洗前 洗后 染色春亞紡 染色塔絲絨 883由(you)表1可知(zhi),未經整理織(zhi)物的靜電(dian)電(dian)壓和半衰期都很高,如直接服用(yong)會產生嚴(yan)重的靜電(dian)現象。水洗后的K/S值低(di)于水洗前的,主要是因為織(zhi)物褪色的緣故。
2.2 抗(kang)(kang)靜電劑TF-480對織(zhi)物抗(kang)(kang)靜電整理
采用(yong)(yong)單因素法,用(yong)(yong)抗靜電(dian)劑TF-480分別對染色春亞紡和染色塔絲(si)絨進行處理(li),測試其整(zheng)理(li)效果,優化抗靜電(dian)劑質量濃度、焙烘溫度、處理(li)時間和交聯(lian)劑用(yong)(yong)量。
2.2.1抗(kang)靜電劑質量濃(nong)度對抗(kang)靜電性能的影響
采用5種(zhong)不同質(zhi)量濃度的TF-480對(dui)織物進(jin)行(xing)處(chu)理(li),經浸軋和180℃×30s整理(li)后進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)試,結果見表2。
表2 抗靜(jing)電劑(ji)質量濃度對織物抗靜(jing)電性能的影響
質量濃度由(you)表(biao)2可(ke)知(zhi),用抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)TF-480處(chu)理(li)的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果相當明顯。當用質(zhi)量濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)為30~40g/L的抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)處(chu)理(li)滌(di)綸(lun)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)后(hou),靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)半衰(shuai)期(qi)最低(di),故質(zhi)量濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)選擇(ze)30g/L為宜。對整(zheng)理(li)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)滌(di)綸(lun)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的K/S值(zhi)進行比(bi)較(jiao)發(fa)現,不管水(shui)洗前(qian)(qian)后(hou),整(zheng)理(li)后(hou)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的K/S值(zhi)均(jun)增加。對錦綸(lun)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)而(er)言,用質(zhi)量濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)為60g/L的抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)處(chu)理(li)的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)其靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)半衰(shuai)期(qi)最低(di),但(dan)考慮(lv)到成本問題,經30g/L抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)處(chu)理(li)的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)低(di),經40g/L抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)處(chu)理(li)的織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)半衰(shuai)期(qi)較(jiao)低(di),所以質(zhi)量濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)選擇(ze)30~40g/L。對整(zheng)理(li)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)錦綸(lun)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的K/S值(zhi)進行比(bi)較(jiao)發(fa)現,不管水(shui)洗前(qian)(qian)后(hou),整(zheng)理(li)后(hou)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的K/S值(zhi)均(jun)降(jiang)低(di),織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)觀顏(yan)色深度(du)(du)(du)下降(jiang),這可(ke)能(neng)是因為抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)的加入影響了染(ran)料的發(fa)色。
2.2.2 焙烘溫度(du)對織物抗靜電性能的(de)影響(xiang)
根據2.2.1測試(shi)情況,選擇抗靜(jing)電(dian)劑質量(liang)濃度為30g/L,焙烘時(shi)間為30s。測試(shi)焙烘溫度對抗靜(jing)電(dian)為30g/L,焙烘時(shi)間為30s,測試(shi)焙烘溫度對抗靜(jing)電(dian)性能的影響,結果(guo)見表3。
由表3可知(zhi),滌(di)綸織(zhi)物經150~190 ℃焙烘(hong)后,靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)峰值和半衰期(qi)均(jun)很小,考慮(lv)到焙烘(hong)溫度是影響整理效果的一個重(zhong)要因素,溫度過低(di),反(fan)應速率低(di),交聯反(fan)應不完全,溫度過高,手感變差,織(zhi)物易受(shou)損,因此,焙烘(hong)溫度選擇160~170℃為(wei)宜(yi)。就(jiu)錦綸織(zhi)物而言,經180℃爐(lu)烘(hong)的織(zhi)物,其(qi)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最(zui)低(di),半衰期(qi)也較(jiao)低(di),考慮(lv)到150~190℃圍內半衰期(qi)變化不大,所以焙烘(hong)溫度以180℃為(wei)宜(yi)。
表3 焙(bei)烘溫度對織物抗靜(jing)電性能的影響
質量濃度/(g·L-1) 染色春亞紡 染色塔絲絨 靜電電壓峰值/V 半衰期/ s K/S值 靜電電壓 峰值/V 半衰期/ s K/S值 洗前 洗后 洗前 洗后 150 160 170 180 190 3 3 3 3 3 0.082.2.3焙烘時間對織物(wu)抗(kang)靜電(dian)性能(neng)的(de)影響
根據2.2.1、2.2.2小節的測試情況,選(xuan)(xuan)擇質量濃度為30g/L的抗靜電劑,滌綸織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)焙(bei)烘溫度選(xuan)(xuan)擇 170℃,錦綸織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)焙(bei)烘溫度選(xuan)(xuan)擇180℃,測試不同焙(bei)烘時間對織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)抗靜電性能的影響(xiang),實驗結果見表4。
表(biao)4 焙烘時間對織物抗靜電性能的影響(xiang)
質量濃度由表4可知(zhi),焙(bei)烘時間對滌綸(lun)織物(wu)靜電電壓和半衰期影響不大。考慮到焙(bei)烘時間過短(duan),可能(neng)造成反應不完全(quan);時間過長,手(shou)感(gan)變粗(cu)糙(cao),綜(zong)合各因素選擇30s為(wei)宜。就錦綸(lun)織物(wu)而言,當焙(bei)烘時間為(wei)40s時,靜電電壓和半衰期最低,所以(yi)焙(bei)烘時間以(yi)40s為(wei)宜。
通過(guo)對抗靜(jing)電劑(ji)濃(nong)度(du)、焙烘溫度(du)和時間(jian)的(de)單因素實驗,得到(dao)整理(li)滌(di)綸(lun)織物較合(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi):整理(li)劑(ji)質量濃(nong)度(du)為(wei)30g/L,170℃×30s;整理(li)錦(jin)綸(lun)織物較合(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi):整理(li)劑(ji)質量濃(nong)度(du)為(wei)30~40g/L,180℃×40s。
2.2.4 交聯劑質(zhi)量濃度對織物(wu)抗靜電(dian)性能的影響
以三聚氰胺為(wei)交聯劑(ji)(ji)、MgCl2為(wei)催(cui)化劑(ji)(ji),測試其對織物抗靜電性(xing)能的影(ying)響(xiang),實(shi)驗條(tiao)件為(wei):抗靜電劑(ji)(ji)質量濃度30g/L,滌綸(lun)織物170℃×30s,錦綸(lun)織物 180℃×30 s,結(jie)果見表5。
表5 交聯劑質量濃度對(dui)織物(wu)抗靜電性(xing)能的影響(xiang)
質量濃度由表(biao)5可(ke)(ke)知,對(dui)(dui)滌綸(lun)織物來說,加(jia)入交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)降低(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)電(dian)壓峰(feng)值和半衰期作用(yong)不(bu)大(da),因(yin)此,整(zheng)理滌綸(lun)織物時(shi)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)用(yong)交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)劑(ji)(ji)。原因(yin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)是抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)(ji)TF-480能(neng)(neng)與(yu)滌綸(lun)分子結(jie)合,交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)劑(ji)(ji)的加(jia)入不(bu)起作用(yong)。而對(dui)(dui)錦(jin)綸(lun)織物而言,當交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)劑(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)濃(nong)度為6sL時(shi),能(neng)(neng)降低(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)電(dian)壓峰(feng)值和半衰期,抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)性(xing)最好,這可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)是因(yin)為抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)(ji)TF-480通過(guo)交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)劑(ji)(ji)與(yu)錦(jin)綸(lun)發生結(jie)合,提高(gao)了抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)(ji)在錦(jin)綸(lun)上的牢度,從而可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)加(jia)其耐久性(xing)。
3 結論
1)抗(kang)靜(jing)電劑(ji)TF-480對滌綸和(he)錦綸織(zhi)(zhi)物均有較好(hao)的抗(kang)靜(jing)電效(xiao)果,且耐(nai)久(jiu)性良好(hao)。滌綸織(zhi)(zhi)物的整理(li)(li)工(gong)藝:整理(li)(li)劑(ji)質量(liang)濃度為(wei)30g/L,170℃×30s;錦綸織(zhi)(zhi)物的整理(li)(li)工(gong)藝:整理(li)(li)劑(ji)質量(liang)濃度為(wei)30~40g/L,交(jiao)聯劑(ji)質量(liang)濃度為(wei)6 g/L,180℃×40s。
2)從分子結(jie)構(gou)分析,由于(yu)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)劑(ji)TF-480和滌綸(lun)(lun)分子的結(jie)構(gou)相似(si),故該抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)劑(ji)能與滌綸(lun)(lun)分子較(jiao)好結(jie)合,在整理中可不加交(jiao)聯(lian)劑(ji):而(er)錦(jin)綸(lun)(lun)為(wei)聚(ju)酰胺高(gao)分子化合物,與抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)劑(ji)TF-480結(jie)構(gou)有差異(yi),抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)劑(ji)與錦(jin)綸(lun)(lun)纖維的結(jie)合力不強,為(wei)增(zeng)加抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)劑(ji)牢度,提高(gao)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜電(dian)的耐久(jiu)性,可加入交(jiao)聯(lian)劑(ji)三聚(ju)氰(qing)胺,并以(yi)MgCl2為(wei)催化劑(ji)。